Shock and Compensatory Mechanisms

BOC Domains of Athletic Training: Domain II - Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis Domain Ill - Critical Incident Management Domain IV - Therapeutic Interventions Presentation Description: In this presentation, we will delve into the critical topic of shock and compensatory mechanisms. We will explore the various causes of hypoperfusion and the body's response to it. From the initial pathophysiological changes to the late stages of shock, we'll provide a comprehensive understanding of this complex condition. By the end of this session, you'll be well-versed in recognizing and responding to shock in athletic settings, ultimately improving emergency action plans. Learning Objectives: List various etiologies of hypoperfusion. Discuss the pathophysiological changes in early and late shock. Explain the role of compensatory mechanisms in shock. Describe the clinical progression of shock stages. Apply knowledge to make appropriate evidence-based decisions regarding prevention, recognition, management, and care of shock. Clinical Practice Gap Statement: While athletic trainers are proficient in handling a variety of sports-related injuries, they frequently lack comprehensive knowledge in identifying and managing shock. This deficiency in understanding and addressing shock promptly can lead to delays in necessary interventions and, consequently, exacerbate outcomes for athletes during emergencies. Clinical Bottom Line Statement: Athletic trainers must possess a thorough understanding of the multiple etiologies of shock, its pathophysiology, and the associated compensatory mechanisms. Such knowledge equips them to identify signs of shock early and to initiate appropriate interventions in a timely manner. In turn, this can substantially improve patient outcomes, particularly in the demanding environment of sports emergencies. Summary Conclusion Statements: Understanding the wide range of factors causing hypoperfusion is central to effective management of shock. Knowledge of compensatory mechanisms allows athletic trainers to act promptly and effectively. Familiarity with the clinical stages of shock is crucial for optimizing emergency medical response strategies.

      Dr. David Heath is a board-certified Emergency Medicine physician, EMS Medical Director and Adjunct Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine for the Lincoln Memorial University-DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine (LMU-DCOM). Prior to his current position, he was a hospital administrator serving as Department Chairman of Emergency Medicine and Facility Medical Director. Dr. Heath was residency-trained in Emergency Medicine by the esteemed Cleveland Clinic Health System in Northeast Ohio (named #2 World's Best Hospital 2022 by Newsweek) serving as a Chief Resident and Faculty for the Ohio University-Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine. During residency training, he was twice recognized as Outstanding Resident Faculty of the Year. As a senior resident, he was nationally recognized as the 2014 American Osteopathic Foundation Outstanding Resident of the Year. He completed undergraduate education at Lincoln Memorial University (LMU) with dual majors in Athletic Training and Physical Education. While an undergraduate student, he was also a four-year member of the NCAA Division II LMU golf team. Dr. Heath has been recognized by the University with a number of awards including the Algernon Sydney Sullivan Award, Young Alumnus of the Year and inductee into the LMU Professional Hall of Fame. He returned to his alma mater to attend medical school at LMU-DCOM graduating as a member of the Inaugural Class. He held notable positions establishing himself as an effective leader including Inaugural Class President, SGA Vice-President and Alumni Association President. In addition, Dr. Heath has continued his athletic training education with a second doctoral degree in Athletic Training (DAT) from A.T. Still University. He is the only individual in America to hold both DO and DAT degrees. Dr. Heath also earned a Master of Science (MS) degree from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga with an Advanced Athletic Training Concentration. For over 20 years, he has maintained the BOC Certified Athletic Trainer (ATC) credential amassing considerable clinical experience in a number of practice environments including NCAA Division I/II athletics, secondary schools, clinical outreach and sports medicine clinic rehabilitation. Overall, Dr. Heath is a respected clinician, leader, speaker and medical educator with a strong commitment to both the emergency medicine and athletic training professions.

Action Medicine Consultants, LLC (BOC AP#: P12095) is approved by the Board of Certification, Inc. to provide continuing education to Athletic Trainers (ATs). This program is eligible for a maximum of 0.75 Category A hours/CEUs. ATs should claim only those hours actually spent in the educational program. GENERAL DISCLAIMER: It is the responsibility of the participant, relying on the independent expertise and knowledge of the patient, to determine the best treatment and method of application for the patient. Participants must use discretion when using the information contained within this presentation.  The presenter has provided the following regarding disclaimers: The information and content provided in this course are for informational purposes only. The presenter nor Action Medicine Consultants, LLC bears no liability for your use of this information and content. The views expressed in this course are those of the presenter(s). CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: In compliance with continuing education requirements, all presenters must disclose any financial or other associations with the manufacturers of commercial products, suppliers of commercial services, or commercial supporters as well as any use of unlabeled product(s) or product(s) under investigational use.  This presentation does not involve the unlabeled use of a product or product under investigational use.  During the presentation, the presenter provides disclosure of any relevant financial relationships or other associations.  Refund Policy:  Live (virtual or in-person) Courses - Full refunds (Minus 10% for handling fees) are given after completion of the course if cancellation request is received 14 days prior to the course date. No refunds will be given after this deadline, but fees may be applied to another current or a future course. This also applies to virtual courses if a technical issue occurred on the presenter side that prevented a full presentation from being performed. On-Demand Courses - No refunds will be given, but fees may be applied to another current or a future course if there is a technical issue in Action Medicine Consultant's delivery of the course and in which no certificate of completion was issued.